Sir Stephen Fox (27 March 1627 – 28 October 1716) was an English politician.
Stephen Fox was the son of William Fox, of Farley, in Wiltshire, a yeoman farmer. At the age of fifteen he first obtained a post in the household of Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland; then he entered the service of Lord Percy, the earl's brother, and was present with the royalist army at the Battle of Worcester as Lord Percy's deputy at the ordnance board. Accompanying Charles II in his flight to the continent, he was appointed manager of the royal household, on the recommendation of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon. Clarendon described him as "a young man bred under the severe discipline of Lord Percy ... very well qualified with languages, and all other parts of clerkship, honesty and discretion".
The skill with which Fox managed the finances of the exiled court earned him further confidence and promotion. He was employed on several important missions, and acted eventually as intermediary between the king and General Monck. Honours and emolument were his reward after the Restoration; he was appointed to the lucrative offices of first Clerk of the Green Cloth and Paymaster of the Forces.
In November 1661, he became member of parliament for Salisbury. In 1665 he was knighted; was returned as MP for Westminster on 27 February 1679, and succeeded the Earl of Rochester as a commissioner of the treasury, filling that office for twenty-three years and during three reigns. In 1680 he resigned the paymastership and was made first commissioner of horse. In 1684, he became sole commissioner of horse.
He was offered a peerage by James II, on condition of turning Roman Catholic, but refused, in spite of which he was allowed to retain his commissionerships. In 1685 he was again M.P. for Salisbury, and opposed the bill for a standing army supported by the king. During the Revolution, he maintained an attitude of decent reserve, but on James's flight, submitted to William III, who confirmed him in his offices. He was again elected for Westminster in 1691 and 1695, for Cricklade in 1698, and finally in 1713 once more for Salisbury.
It is his distinction to have founded Royal Hospital Chelsea, to which he contributed £13,000. As a statesman he was second-rater, but as a public servant he creditably discharged all the duties with which he was entrusted. Unlike other statesmen of his day, he grew rich in the service of the nation without being suspected of corruption or forfeiting the esteem of his contemporaries.
He was married twice (1651 and 11 July 1703); by his first wife, Elizabeth Whittle (died August, 1696), daughter of William Whittle and wife, he had seven sons, all of whom predeceased him, and three daughters; by his second, Christiana Hope (died 17 February 1718), daughter of Rev. Francis Hope and wife Christian Palfreyman, he had two sons and two daughters. The elder son by the second marriage, Stephen (1704–1776), was created Lord Ilchester and Stavordale in 1747 and Earl of Ilchester in 1756; in 1758 he took the additional name of Strangways, and his descendants, the family of Fox-Strangways, still hold the Earldom of Ilchester. The younger son, who followed his father into politics, was Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland. One of his daughters from first marriage was Elizabeth Fox (circa 1655 – Tunbridge Wells, 28 February 1681), married in Westminster Abbey on 27 December 1673 to Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis (1655 – 29 April 1698). They were the great-grandparents of General Lord Cornwallis. From the first marriage he was also the father of Jane Fox (died 10 June 1721), wife of George Compton, 4th Earl of Northampton.
| Parliament of England | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Edward Tooker Francis Swanton |
Member of Parliament for Salisbury 1661–1679 With: Edward Tooker 1661–1664 Edward Hyde 1664–1665 Richard Colman 1665–1673 William Swanton 1673–1679 |
Succeeded by Sir Thomas Mompesson Alexander Thistlethwayte |
| Preceded by Sir Philip Warwick Sir Richard Everard |
Member of Parliament for Westminster 1679 With: Sir William Pulteney |
Succeeded by Sir William Pulteney Francis Wythens |
| Preceded by Alexander Thistlethwayte John Wyndham |
Member of Parliament for Salisbury 1685–1689 With: John Wyndham |
Succeeded by Thomas Hoby Giles Eyre |
| Preceded by Sir William Pulteney Sir Walter Clarges |
Member of Parliament for Westminster 1691–1698 With: Sir Walter Clarges 1691–1695 Charles Montagu 1695–1698 |
Succeeded by Charles Montagu James Vernon |
| Preceded by Charles Fox Edward Pleydell |
Member of Parliament for Cricklade 1699–1702 With: Edward Pleydell 1699–1701 Edmund Dunch 1701–1702 |
Succeeded by Thomas Richmond Webb Samuel Barker |
| Parliament of Great Britain | ||
| Preceded by Charles Fox Richard Jones |
Member of Parliament for Salisbury 1714–1715 With: Richard Jones |
Succeeded by Francis Swanton Edmund Lambert |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by — |
Paymaster of the Forces 1661–1676 |
Succeeded by Sir Henry Puckering Newton |
| Preceded by Sir Henry Puckering Newton |
Paymaster of the Forces 1679–1680 |
Succeeded by Nicholas Johnson William Fox |